\begin{thebibliography}{10}

\bibitem{nn:tbogernmwtgenesis}
James~M. Bower and David Beeman.
\newblock {\em The Book of GENESIS: Exploring Realistic Neural Models with the
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\newblock Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 2nd edition, 1998.

\bibitem{des:ssoacsm}
Javier Campos, Susanna Donatelli, and Manuel Silva.
\newblock Structured solution of asynchronously communicating stochastic
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\newblock {\em IEEE Trans. on Soft. Engr.}, 25(2):147--165, March-April 1999.

\bibitem{des:tadslfwccp}
Satish Chandra, Bradley Richards, and James~R. Larus.
\newblock Teapot: A domain specific language for writing cache coherent
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\newblock {\em IEEE Trans. on Soft. Engr.}, 25(3):273--278, May-June 1999.

\bibitem{pnn:apccifns}
Stephen~R. Deiss, Rodney~J. Douglas, and Adrian~M. Whatley.
\newblock {\em Pulsed Neural Networks}, chapter A Pulse-Coded Communications
  Infrastructure for Neuromorphic Systems.
\newblock MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1999.

\bibitem{datacom}
Behrouz~A. Forouzan.
\newblock {\em Data Communications and Networking}.
\newblock McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2nd edition, 2001.

\bibitem{pvm:book}
Al~Geist, Adam Beguelin, Jack Dongarra, Weicheng Jiang, Robert Manchek, and
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\newblock {\em PVM: Parallel Virtual Machine -- A User's guide and tutorial for
  networked parallel computing}.
\newblock MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994.

\bibitem{nn:lspsoprmsc}
Philip~H. Goodman, E.~Courtenay Wilson, James~B. Maciokas, Jr. Frederick
  C.~Harris, Sushil Louis, Anirudh Gupta, and Henry Markram.
\newblock Large-scale parallel simulation of physiologically realistic
  multicolumn sensory cortex.
\newblock under review, June 2001.

\bibitem{mpi:book}
Willaim Gropp, Ewing Lusk, and Anthony Skjellum.
\newblock {\em Using MPI: Portable Parallel Programming with the
  Message-Passing Interface}.
\newblock MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994.

\bibitem{syn:opfadogabaiasitn}
Anirudh Gupta, Yun Wang, and Henry Markram.
\newblock Organizing principles for a diversity of {GABA}ergic interneurons and
  synapses in the neocortex.
\newblock {\em Science}, 287:273--278, January 14 2000.

\bibitem{math:clusterbook}
John~A. Hartigan.
\newblock {\em Clustering Algorithms}.
\newblock John Wiley and Sons, NY, Inc., New York, 1975.

\bibitem{nn:tnse}
M.L. Hines and N.T. Carnevale.
\newblock The {NEURON} simulation environment.
\newblock {\em Neural Computation}, 9:1179--1209, 1997.

\bibitem{nn:enromwn}
M.L. Hines and N.T.Carnevale.
\newblock Expanding {NEURON}'s repertoire of mechanisms with {NMODL}.
\newblock {\em Neural Computation}, 12:839--851, 2000.

\bibitem{chan:kcrofpidohpn}
Dax~A. Hoffman, Jeffery~C. Magee, and Costa~M. Colbert.
\newblock ${K}^+$ channel regulation of signal propogation in dendrites of
  hippocampal pyramidal neurons.
\newblock {\em Nature}, 387:869--875, 1997.
\newblock Correction in volumn 390, pg 199.

\bibitem{nn:alsmotccupg}
F.W. Howell, J.~Dyhrfjeld-Johnsen, R.~Maex, N.~Goddard, and E.~De Schutter.
\newblock A large-scale model of the cerebellar cortex using pgenesis.
\newblock {\em Neurocomputing}, 32-33:1041--1046, 2000.

\bibitem{bio:boc}
Christof Koch.
\newblock {\em Biophysics of Computation}.
\newblock Oxford Univ. Press, New York, NY, 1999.

\bibitem{bio:monm}
Christof Koch and Idan Segev, editors.
\newblock {\em Methods of Neuronal Modeling}.
\newblock MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2nd edition, 1998.

\bibitem{math:gp}
John~R. Koza.
\newblock {\em Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by means of
  Natural Selection}.
\newblock MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993.

\bibitem{chan:csottdofspc}
Andreas Kreusch, Paul~J. Pfaffinger, Charles~F. Stevens, and Senyon Choe.
\newblock Crystal structure of the tetramerization domain of the shaker
  potassium channel.
\newblock {\em Nature}, 392:945, 1998.

\bibitem{kggk:book}
V.~Kumar, A.~Grama, A.~Gupta, and G.~Karypis.
\newblock {\em Introduction to Parallel Computing: Design and Analysis of
  Algorithms}.
\newblock The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., Redwood City, CA,
  1994.

\bibitem{lsm:cinmanabop}
Wolfgang Maass, Thomas Natschlager, and Henry Markram.
\newblock Computation in neural microcircuits: A new approach based on
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\newblock under review, June 2001.

\bibitem{hm:hmagupd}
Henry Markram and Anirudh Gupta.
\newblock Unpublished data, June 2001.

\bibitem{myrinet}
Myricom Inc.~Creators of~Myrinet.
\newblock \verb+http://www.myrinet.com+, July 2001.
\newblock 325 N. Santa Anita Ave. Arcadia, CA 91006.

\bibitem{mpi:pacheco}
Peter Pacheco.
\newblock {\em Parallel Programming with MPI}.
\newblock Morgan Kauffman, San Francisco, CA, October 1996.

\bibitem{math:numrecipbook}
William~H. Press, Saul~A Teukolsky, William~T. Vetterling, and Brian~P.
  Flannery.
\newblock {\em Numerical Recipes in C}.
\newblock Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2nd edition, 1992.

\bibitem{neuro:neurobook}
Dale Purves, George~J. Augustine, David Ditzpatrick, Lawrence~C. Katz,
  Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, and James~O. McNamara, editors.
\newblock {\em Neuroscience}.
\newblock Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA, 1997.

\bibitem{pnn:eiina}
Michael Reece.
\newblock {\em Pulsed Neural Networks}, chapter Encoding Information in
  Neuronal Activity.
\newblock MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1999.

\bibitem{math:fcwhc}
P.J. Rosseeuw, E.~Trauwaert, and L.~Kaufman.
\newblock Fuzzy clustering with high contrast.
\newblock {\em Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics}, 64:81--90,
  1995.

\bibitem{nn:liannmirturws}
Manuel~A. Sanchez-Montanes, Peter Konig, and Paul~F.M.J. Verschure.
\newblock Learning in a neural network model in real time using real world
  stimuli.
\newblock {\em Neurocomputing}, 38-40:859--865, 2001.

\bibitem{syn:aafmnrpbopapsst}
Walter Senn, Henry Markram, and Misha Tsodyks.
\newblock An algorithm for modifying neurotransmitter release probability based
  on pre- and post-synaptic spike timing.
\newblock {\em Neural Computation}, February 2000.

\bibitem{mpi:ref}
Marc Snir, Steve Otto, Steven Huss-Lederman, David Walker, and Jack Dongerra.
\newblock {\em MPI: The Complete Reference}.
\newblock MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1996.

\bibitem{nn:asohannhmmmfasr}
Edmondo Trentin and Marco Gori.
\newblock A survey of hybrid {ANN/HMM} models for automatic speech recognition.
\newblock {\em Neurocomputing}, 37:91--126, 2001.

\bibitem{syn:tncbnpndonrp}
Misha~V. Tsodyks and Henry Markram.
\newblock The neural code between neocortical pyramidal neurons depends on
  neurotransmitter release probability.
\newblock {\em Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA}, 94:719--723, January 1997.

\bibitem{jbm:cdjbm}
Displayed using channel data generated~by James B.~Maciokas, July 2001.

\bibitem{phg:matlab}
Displayed using MATLAB program written~by Philip H.~Goodman, July 2001.

\bibitem{mnm:mcacd}
Walter~M. Yamada, Christof Koch, and Paul~R. Adams.
\newblock {\em Methods in Neuronal Modeling}, chapter Multiple Channels and
  Calcium Dynamics.
\newblock MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2nd edition, 1998.

\end{thebibliography}
